Integrating PAM360 with Let's Encrypt SSL Certificate Authority

1. Overview
2. Creating a Let's Encrypt account
3. Raising a certificate request
   3.1 Configuring the DNS account
4. Let's Encrypt challenge verification
   4.1 Domain Validation Through HTTP-01 Challenge Verification
   4.2 Domain Validation Through DNS-01 Challenge Verification
5. Procuring and saving the certificate
6. Renewing certificates
   6.1 Automatic renewals through automatic domain validation
7. Revoking certificates
8. Deleting certificates
9. About Let's Encrypt

1. Overview

Maintaining a threat-free network requires much more than just securing your domains with SSL certificates. For organizations that deal with a large SSL environment, the process of purchasing, deploying and renewing SSL certificates often proves to be cumbersome, time-consuming and has hardly been straightforward. Oversight, manual errors, improper configuration, weak ciphers, and expiration often lead to downtimes, compliance issues and security breaches. Certificate life-cycle management is a practice that streamlines certificate management process by automating acquisition, issue, deployment, re-issue, renewal and revoking of certificates. PAM360 facilitates end-to-end certificate life-cycle management for your public facing websites by integrating with the renowned open Certificate Authority, Let's Encrypt. This means you can procure domain validated certificates from Let's Encrypt for your public domains, deploy, track, request alerts on expiry, renew certificates; everything done entirely from the product interface.

You can request, procure, deploy, monitor, track and renew certificates from Let's Encrypt CA directly from PAM360 interface.

Before you proceed with the integration, complete the following step as a prerequisite:

Follow the step-by-step procedure below to integrate Let's Encrypt with PAM360:

2. Creating a Let's Encrypt Account

The first step in requesting for certificates from Let's Encrypt CA is creating an account with Let's Encrypt. This is a one-time process and can be done from PAM360 interface itself.

To create Let's Encrypt account,

1. Navigate to Certificates >> Let's Encrypt >> Manage.
2. Under Account tab, click New Registration.
3. In the UI that opens, provide an account name and specify a valid email address. Choose Production or Staging, based on your requirement.
4. Accept the Let's Encrypt Subscriber Agreement by enabling the check-box.
5. Click Register.
6. An account with Let's Encrypt is created.

Note: This privilege is available for only the administrator users and only one Let's Encrypt account can be created from PAM360.

3. Raising a Certificate Request

After creating an account with Let's Encrypt, you have to generate a certificate request. You are then presented with a challenge which you have to fulfill for Let's Encrypt to validate your domain and issue the certificate.

1. Navigate to Certificate >> Let's Encrypt >> Certificate Request.

2. Fill in the domain name, choose the Key Algorithm, Algorithm Length, Signature Algorithm, Keystore Type, enter the Keystore Password and click Create.
3. For dns-01 challenge type, you can choose and assign a DNS account from the dropdown if you have already configured your DNS credentials. This will be used for automatic challenge verification for all the domains specified in the request.
4. Also, you have options to change the private key whenever the certificate is renewed.
• If you need to change the key, use New Key. This option will generate a new key every time the certificate is renewed.
• If you want to retain the same key on renewal, use the Same Key option.
• To use your own key, use the Import Key option. This key will be used for the first time when the certificate is generated and also for subsequent renewals. 

3.1 Configuring the DNS Account

1. Navigate to Let's Encrypt >> Manage.
2. Switch to the DNS tab.

3. Here, you can add a maximum of one DNS account for each DNS provider supported. PAM360 currently supports automatic challenge verification for Azure, Cloudflare DNS, Amazon route 53 DNS, RFC2136 DNS update (nsupdate), GoDaddy DNS, ClouDNS.
4. Click Add. In the pop-up that opens, choose the DNS provider.

3.1.1 For Azure DNS

1. Provide the Subscription ID, which is available in the Overview page of the Azure DNS zone.
2. Provide the Directory ID, which is available in Microsoft Entra ID >> Properties.

3. If you have an already existing Azure application, provide its Application ID and Key. If not, follow the steps mentioned below to create the Azure application and key, and give the application access to the DNS zones for making API calls.
4. To create the Azure application and key,
1. Navigate to App registrations >> New application registration.
2. Provide the application name, select the application type Web app / API and provide the sign-on URL. Click Create.
3. After successful creation, you are directed to a window that displays the Application ID.
4. To get the application key, navigate to Keys and create a key.
5. Provide the key description, duration and click Save.
6. Once the key is saved, key value is displayed. Copy and save the key value for future references.
5. To give the application access to DNS zones,
   1. Navigate to the resource group where all DNS zones or created or switch to a specific DNS zone.
   2. Switch to Access Control (IAM) and click Add.
   3. Choose the role as Contributor, assign access to Microsoft Entra ID user, group or application, search and select the application created in Microsoft Entra ID and click Save.
   4. The created Azure application is now given access to DNS zones for making API calls.
6. Finally, enter the Resource Group Name, which is the group name in which you have created the DNS zone and click Save.
7. Your DNS account details are saved and listed under Manage >> DNS.

3.1.2 For Cloudflare DNS

1. In the Email address field, specify the email address associated with the Cloudflare account.

2. For Global API Key, use the 'Generate API' key option in the domain overview page of the Cloudflare DNS to generate the key and paste the value in this field.
3. Click Save. Your DNS account details are saved and listed under Manage >> DNS.

3.1.3 For AWS Route 53 DNS

1. Generate and specify the Access Key ID and Secret associated with your AWS account.
2. If you do not have an AWS account, create one and generate the Access Key ID and Secret by following the steps given below:
1. Login to the AWS console and navigate to IAM Services >> Users.
2. Click Add user.
3. Provide the user name and select the access type as Programmatic access.
4. Switch to the next tab, click Attach existing policies directly under Set Permissions and search for "AmazonRoute53FullAccess".
5. Assign the policy that is listed and switch to the next tab.
6. In the tags section, add appropriate tags (optional) and switch to the next tab.
7. Review all the information entered and click Create user.
8. The user account is created and subsequently, an access key ID and a secret is generated. Copy and save the key ID and secret in a secure location for it will not be displayed again.
3. If you already have an AWS user account, you have to grant "AmazonRoute53FullAccess" permission to the user and generate the access key if the user doesn't have one. And if the user account has an access key associated already, it is just enough to ensure the required permission is granted.

To grant the required permissions,

1. Navigate to the Permissions tab, select the required user account and click Add Permission.
2. Click Attach existing policies directly under Set Permissions and search for "AmazonRoute53FullAccess".
3. Assign the listed policy and hit Save.
4. To generate the access key,
5. Select the particular user account and navigate to the Security Credentials tab.
6. In the window that opens, click Create access key.
7. An access key ID and a secret is generated. Copy and save the key ID and secret in a secure location for it will not be displayed again.

3.1.4 For RFC2136 DNS Update

If you are using open source DNS servers such as Bind, PowerDNS etc., that support RFC2136 DNS update, follow the steps below to automate DNS-based domain control validation procedure using PAM360:

1. The DNS Server IP / Hostname represents the server name / IP address in which the DNS server is installed or running.
2. The server details are found in the server installation directory. For instance, in the case of Bind9 DNS server, you can find these details in the file named.local.conf in the server installation directory.
3. Provide the Key Secret, which is the key content found in the server installation directory. 
4. Provide a name for the key, choose the signature algorithm and click Save.
 

3.1.5 GoDaddy DNS

If you are using GoDaddy DNS for DNS validation, follow the steps below to automate DNS-based domain control validation procedure using PAM360.

Steps to Obtain GoDaddy API Credentials:

1. Go to the GoDaddy developer portal and switch to the API keys tab.
2. Log in to your GoDaddy account if you aren't logged in already.
3. Once you log in, you will be redirected to the API keys page where you can create and manage API keys. Click Create New API key.
4. Provide your application name, choose the environment type as Production and click Next.
5. The API key and its secret is generated. Copy and save the secret in a secure location, as it will not be displayed again.

Now, in the PAM360 interface, follow the below steps to add GoDaddy DNS to Let's Encrypt certificate repository:

1. Navigate to Certificates >> Let's Encrypt and click Manage from the right most corner.
2. Switch to the DNS tab and click Add.
3. Choose GoDaddy from the DNS Provider drop-down menu.
4. Enter the Key and Secret that was previously generated from the GoDaddy portal. Click Save.

3.1.6 ClouDNS

If you are using ClouDNS for DNS validation, follow the steps below to automate the DNS-based domain control validation procedure using PAM360:

Steps to Obtain ClouDNS API Credentials:

1. Login to your ClouDNS account and go to Reseller API.
2. If you have already created an API user id, you will find it under API Users. If not, click Create API to generate a new one.

Click here to learn more about ClouDNS API Auth IDs.

Now, in the PAM360 interface, follow the below steps to add ClouDNS to Let's Encrypt CA:

1. Navigate to Certificates >> Acme >> Let's Encrypt and click Manage from the right most corner.
2. Switch to the DNS tab and click Add.
3. Choose ClouDNS from the DNS Provider dropdown.
4. Choose one of the following options: Auth ID, Sub Auth ID, Sub Auth User.
5. Enter the chosen ClouDNS Auth ID, its respective Auth Password, and click Save.

3.1.7 DNS Made Easy

1. Enter the name of your choice in the Name field.
2. The Key and the Secret will be available in the DNS Made Easy webpage under Config >> Account Information. Enter those details in the respective fields.
3. Now, click Save to save your DNS account details. The saved DNS details will be listed under Manage >> DNS.

4. Let's Encrypt Challenge Verification

PAM360 expedites domain validation through automatic verification of HTTP-01 and DNS-01 challenges (currently Azure, Cloudflare, Amazon Route 53 DNS, RFC2136 DNS update, ClouDNS, and GoDaddy DNS). For the automation to take effect, you have to initially map the end-server details to PAM360, which is a one-time process.

4.1 Domain Validation Through HTTP-01 Challenge Verification

For domain validation through http-01 challenge

1. A window opens displaying the challenge to be fulfilled.
2. Click the Agent mapping icon.
3. A pop up will open. If the domain server is a Linux machine, fill in the required details and click Save.
4. If the domain server is a Windows machine, download and install the PAM360 agent for Windows server using the steps mentioned below:

4.1.1 Downloading PAM360 agent for Windows servers

The PAM360 agent package is a zip file comprising of the necessary executables, configuration files required for automatic verification of Let's Encrypt challenges through automatic domain validation. You have to just unzip and install the agent on your Windows domain server after download. To download the agent,

1. Navigate to Certificates >> Let's Encrypt tab, and click Manage button in the top right corner.
2. Switch to the Windows Agents tab.
3. Download the PAM360 agent from the top right corner of the window based on your server compatibility (32 bit or 64 bit).

4.1.2 Installing PAM360 agents for Windows server:

To install PAM360 agent as a Windows service,

1. Open the command prompt and navigate to the PAM360 installation directory.
2. Execute the command 'AgentInstaller.exe start'.

To stop the agent and uninstall the Windows service,

1. Open the command prompt and navigate to the PAM360 installation directory.
2. Execute the command 'AgentInstaller.exe stop'.
3. If the domain server is a Windows machine, download and install the Windows agent on the domain server. Navigate to Manage >> Windows Agents, download and install the agent on the domain server.
4. Once, the above agent mapping settings are configured (agent mapping is a one-time configuration), PAM360 automatically handles the verification of challenges presented by Let's Encrypt.
5. After configuring agent mapping, click Pending on the pending requests and click Verify. The challenge is verified and the certificate request is submitted to Let's Encrypt CA.

4.2 Domain Validation Through DNS-01 Challenge Verification

For DNS-01 challenge verification from PAM360,

1. Switch to Let's Encrypt tab and click on the request status (Pending) corresponding to the certificate request.
2. You'll be directed to a window that displays the DNS challenge value and TXT record.
3. If you have already configured your DNS account details and have opted for DNS while creating the certificate request, you can assign the DNS account to the request. 
4. Select the request, choose Assign DNS from More top menu and select the required DNS account.
5. In cases where you do not have a DNS account configured or have not opted for it when raising the certificate request, PAM360 provides an option for automating DNS-01 challenge verification through Agent Mapping.
6. Click on the Agent Mapping icon present to the left side of the request. Agent mapping is a one-time configuration.

Agent Mapping

In the Deploy window that opens, carry out the following operations to map and save your end-server details in PAM360.

1. Choose your DNS provider. For Azure DNS, provide the required details—Subscription ID, Directory ID, Application ID, Application Key and Resource Group Name.

2. For Cloudflare DNS, enter the email address associated with your Cloudflare account and the Global API key.

3. For Amazon Route 53 DNS, enter the Access Key ID and Secret associated with your AWS account.
4. Enable the Deploy Certificate check-box to automate deployment of the certificate to their corresponding end-servers after domain validation and after successive renewals.
5. For Linux end-servers provide the required details, while for Windows end-servers download and install the Windows agent using the same procedure as mentioned for http-01 challenge.
6. After filling in the details, click Save. The end-server details are successfully mapped and stored in PAM360, which you can view or edit from Manage >> Deploy tab.

5. Procuring and Saving the Certificate

1. On successful verification, Let's Encrypt issues the requested certificate.
2. The window automatically redirects to a page which displays the certificate and its status (status is marked Available, if the challenge verification is successful and Failed if the challenge verification fails).
3. Click the Available button to save the certificate in PAM360 repository, e-mail or export it.
4. If the challenge fails, click New challenge() to obtain another set of challenges and repeat the above process.
5. On saving, the certificate gets added to the PAM360 repository which can be viewed from the Certificates >> Certificates tab.

6. Renewing Certificates

Certificates issued by Let's Encrypt have a life-time of ninety days after which they are not valid. Also, as mentioned above, the domain authentication validity period is sixty days, which means that the user has to fulfill the challenges once in every sixty days in order to prove his ownership of the domain.

Certificate renewals can be carried out manually or automatically through automatic domain validation. To renew a certificate manually,

1. Navigate to Certificates >> Let's Encrypt.
2. Select the certificate that you want to renew and click Renew Certificate button.
3. The certificate is renewed and the Certificate Status bar displays Renewed.
4. Click on it to save the renewed version of the certificate to PAM360 certificate repository.
5. History on renewal can be inferred by clicking on the certificate history button from the Certificates >> Certificates tab.

Note: The certificate should be saved after renewal in order to be updated in the certificate repository. Else, only the old version of the certificate will continue to remain in repository.

6.1 Automatic Renewals through Automatic Domain Validation

If agent mapping had been configured, the certificate renewal process is done automatically without manual intervention. All the certificates in your organization procured from Let's Encrypt is automatically renewed after every 75 days. i.e., 15 days before its expiry and a notification is sent to the account holder's e-mail address.

7. Revoking Certificates

Revoking a certificate renders the certificate invalid and immediately removes the HTTPS from the website.

To revoke a certificate,

1. Navigate to Certificates >> Let's Encrypt tab.
2. Select a certificate you want to revoke and click Revoke Certificate.
3. The certificate is revoked and is no longer valid.

8. Deleting Certificates

Deleting a certificate removes the certificate from PAM360 repository, but the certificate still remains valid.

To delete a certificate,

1. Navigate to Certificates >> Let's Encrypt tab.
2. Select the certificate you want to delete and click Delete.
3. The certificate is deleted from the PAM360 database.

9. About Let's Encrypt

Let's Encrypt is a free, automated and open Certificate Authority developed by the Internet Security Research group (ISRG) with a main motive to reduce the complexity involved in establishing HTTPS connection and smoothen the overall certificate installation process. Till date, Let's Encrypt issues only domain validated certificates. Organization validation and extended validation are not available and are not being planned to be distributed anytime in the near future. All certificates issued by Let's Encrypt have a life time of ninety days after which they are not valid. Also, the domain authentication validity for a certificate is sixty days. i.e., for every domain you secure, you'll have to fulfill the challenges once in sixty days in order to prove your ownership of the domain. The main purpose of domain validation is to ensure security and Let's Encrypt is planning to reduce this domain authentication validity period to seven days. For more information about Let's Encrypt, click here.